The Eleven Factors

X. Humans come first

AI is opt-in, never required, always disclosed.

🤖 The prose on this page was written by a human. Where an LLM's words appear, they are marked, visibly, like this — that's factor X.

Surely this is just common sense? It’s very tempting to leap ahead to a science fiction world where anything is replicable on demand. That world is yet to arrive. In the meantime, building software that cannot be operated by humans seems foolhardy.

Software for humans built by humans should be usable, reworkable, and maintainable by humans, no matter the tooling. AI systems are great at synthesis: taking existing ideas and using them to produce new output. Whether they become great at invention remains to be seen, but a human operator with LLM assistance has access to a larger library: tools and abilities that were out of reach for the sheer effort of researching all of the options.

The old adage is "the best tool for the job", which has always been bendable to fit any software choice, but with assistance, choosing "the best tool for the job" is within reach for any category: particularly when it comes to choosing tools, built by humans, that already exist to solve human-shaped problems.

Building for human maintainability leads to naturally more resilient systems, and the added benefit is that since AI is trained on human-shaped patterns, tools optimised for humans tend to work better for AIs too.

The final pièce de résistance of this factor is that it is truly inclusive: building for humans with AI does not preclude humans using the systems without AI.